All Monsters Must Die Read online

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  Hasegawa, Yumi Wijers. “Princess of Pure Mystery.” Japan Times, February 4, 2007.

  Hauser, Arnold. “Konstnärsroll och samhälle” [The Role of the Artist and Society]. Konstrevyn 5–6 (1969).

  Hernbäck, Eva. “Nordkorea: Personkult, disciplin” [North Korea: Cult of Personality, Discipline]. Dagens Nyheter, September 8, 1971.

  —. “Kult kring Kim som vet allt” [The Cult of Kim Who Knows Everything]. Dagens Nyheter, September 13, 1971.

  —. “‘Inga främmande idéer’: Ideologin i Nordkorea genomsyrar samhället” [‘No Foreign Ideas’: The Ideology in North Korea Permeates Society]. Dagens Nyheter, September 17, 1971.

  —. “Gratis daghem och frivillig militärtjänst” [Free Daycare and Voluntary Military Service]. Dagens Nyheter, October 4, 1971.

  “How to Read a Closed Book: The Propaganda Signs of North Korea, from Google Earth.” http://freekorea.us/

  Howard, Young. “The Hidden Gulag.” San Diego Union Tribune, June 15, 2005.

  Isaksson, David. “Schack och religion i Kalmuckien” [Chess and Religion in Kalmykia]. Norrköpings Tidningar, February 29, 2008.

  Ito, Mizuko. “Hello Kitty Has No Mouth.” Chanpon. http://www.chanpon.org/archive/2005/12/01/05h28m39s.

  Jaggi, Maya. “A Life in Writing: Mourid Barghouti.” Guardian, December 13, 2008.

  Joyce, Andrew. “Antonio Inoki: Wrestling North Korea to Diplomacy?” Wall Street Journal, “Japan Real Time,” October 12, 2010.

  Jung, Sung-ki. “Western Mixed Race Men Can Join Military.” Korean Times, January 14, 2008.

  Kim, Jong-il. “Socialism is a Science.” http://www.uk-songun.com.

  Kim, Mi-young, and Jon Herskovitz. “North Korea Says Plutonium Extraction Has Started.” Reuters, April 25, 2009.

  Kim, Myun-jong. “Film Guru Shin Sang-ok Tells of Kim Jong-il.” Seoul Times, 2005.

  Kim, Suk-young. “‘Guests’ of the Dear Leader: Shin Sang-ok, Choi Eun-hee, and North Korea’s Cultural Crisis.” Joint U.S.–Korea Academic Studies (2008).

  Kim, Yong-lun. “City of Revolution with no Warmth of Human.” Daily NK, October 28, 2005.

  Kim, Young-soon. Testimony before the United States Congress, House Committee on Foreign Affairs on Africa, Global Health and Human Rights, on September 20, 2011. http://chrissmith.house.gov/uploadedfiles/testimony_of_kim_young_soon.pdf.

  Kims vänner [Friends of Kim]. Documentary (2006), directed by Raphael Wilking and Hans van Dijk. Broadcast on SVT2, May 20, 2007.

  Kristof, Nicholas. “North Korea’s Secret.” New York Times, January 14, 2003.

  Lamm, Lovisa. “Man badar inte naken i Pyongyang” [You Don’t Swim Naked in Pyongyang]. Radio broadcast on Sveriges Radio P1, February 14, 2009.

  Lankov, Andrej. “Pyongyang and Its People (Notes of a Soviet Student),” from Severnaia Koreia: vchera i segodnia. Vostochnaia literatura, 1995.

  —. “Body Snatching, North Korean Style.” Asia Times, February 26, 2005.

  Lans, Karl. “Kim Jong Il beslagtar japanska bilar” [Kim Jong Il Confiscates Japanese Cars]. Dagens Industri, February 19, 2007.

  Larsson, Mats. “Diktatorn firar med basket och terror” [Dictator Celebrates With Basketball and Terror]. Expressen, July 1, 2014.

  —. “Yngste sonen tar över – men ett familjedrama lurar i kulisserna” [Youngest Son Takes Over, but a Family Drama Is waiting in the Rafters]. Expressen, October 29, 2010.

  Lee, Jae-bong. “U.S. Deployment of Nuclear Weapons in 1950s South Korea and North Korea’s Nuclear Development: Toward Denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.” The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus, http://www.japanfocus.org/-Lee-Jae_Bong/3053.

  Lönn, Jan. “Varför erkänns inte Nordkorea?” [Why Isn’t North Korea Accepted?]. Arbetet, March 10, 1971.

  —. “Nordkorea: Jan Lönn om Villy Bergström” [North Korea: Jan Lönn on Villy Bergström]. Aftonbladet, March 27, 1973.

  Maass, Peter. “The Last Emperor.” New York Times, October 19, 2003.

  Malkin, Bonnie. “North and South Korea Hold High-Level Meeting.” Daily Telegraph, February 12, 2014.

  McGray, Douglas. “Japan’s Gross National Cool.” http://www.douglasmcgray.com/grossnationalcool.pdf.

  Meyer, Richard E. “Pueblo’s Bittersweet Tribute.” Los Angeles Times, May 5, 1990.

  Mihm, Stephen. “No Ordinary Counterfeit.” New York Times, July 23, 2006.

  Myers, B. R. “North Korea: Nothing Has Changed.” The Atlantic, November 2008.

  Namgung, Min. “$800000 Spent Preserving Kim Il Sung’s Body.” The Daily NK, April 16, 2008.

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  Ngai, Sianne. “The Cuteness of the Avant-Garde.” Critical Inquiry (2005).

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  Norimitsu, Onishi. “In a Country That Craved Respect, Stem Cell Scientist Rode a Wave of Korean Pride.” New York Times, February 22, 2006.

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  O’Carroll, Chad. “North Korea Executes ‘Traitor’ Jang Song Thaek.” nk.news.org, December 12, 2013. http://www.nknews.org/2013/12/north-korea-executes-jang-song-thaek-for-factionalism/.

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  —. “Det sydkoreanska undret: varken demokrati eller diktatur” [The South Korean Wonder: Neither Democracy nor Dictatorship]. Svenska Dagbladet, April 8, 1979.

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  http://www.pyongyangtrafficgirls.com

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  http://ryugyong.org [Site for the Ryugyong Hotel; users can create their own room in the still-unfinished building].

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  INDEX

  Abshier, Larry, 157, 158

  Air Koryo, 10–11, 28, 94–95

  Albright, Madeleine, 87

  Ali, Muhammad, 134

  animation industry, 19–20

  Anyang Studios, 175–76

  “Arirang” (folk song), 98

  Arirang (silent film), 98–99

  Arirang Festival (Mass Games), 98–102

  Atlas Copco, 25, 169

  atomic bomb. See nuclear bombing, by U.S., and entries following

  Baekdu, Mount, 12, 71–77, 88, 100, 124, 234, 239; Kim Il-sung birthday tribute on, 72–73; Kim Jong-il’s birthplace on, 73, 80, 88. See also Heaven Lake

  Bavaria Film Studios (Munich), 146

  Berdymuchamedov, Gurbanguly, 107

  Bergman, Ingrid, 172

  Bergman, Sten, 74; In Korean Wilds and Villages, 74–75

  Bergqvist, Lars, 58

  Bergström, Villy, 77–80; and Pictures from North Korea, 78

  Beria, Lavrentiy, 82

  blood purity, as important to South Korea, 65–66

  blood ties in North Korea: and class system, 117; of Kim Jong-un, 234, 236; and punishment of family members, 42–43, 45, 46, 65, 242; of Rikidōzan, 133

  Boeri, Stefano, 27

  Burchett, Wilfred, 79–80

  Bureau 39 (Workers’ Party of Korea), 162–63

  Bush, George H.W., 107

  camps, work/prison, 39–47, 65, 96, 204, 223, 236; and knowledge of Kim Jong-nam, 41–43, 49; punishments/atrocities at, 46, 243; Shin’s internment at, 51, 179, 185, 221, 227; survivors’ accounts of, 41–46; U.S. mapping of, 40

  Cao de Benós de Les y Pérez, Alejandro, 186–88

  Catherine the Great, German television movie about, 91–92

  Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 8, 129, 158, 204

  Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 104

  “charismatic authority” (Weber), 144; of Moon, 96

  Chatwin, Bruce: What Am I Doing Here?, 138

  Cheonan (South Korean battleship), 235

  Cheonji. See Heaven Lake

  Chilbo, Mount, 33, 94

  China, 21, 32, 34, 40, 54, 65, 165, 179, 184, 222, 235; guest workers from, 130; in imperial era, 80, 105; Kim Il-sung’s youth/guerrilla activities in, 80–81, 145; Mao’s image in, 89, 138–39; North Korea’s border/relationship with, 62, 64, 72, 83, 185, 223–24, 227; and reports of Heaven Lake monster, 76–77, 243; revolutionary attire of, 111, 124–25, 126, 128, 140; spread of “cute culture” to, 230

  Choi Eun-hee (Madame Choi): authors’ conversation with, 169–83; autobiography of, 50, 56, 229; childhood/youth of, 66; as director, 2, 176; early acting career of, 66, 171, 228; film school headed by, 2, 4, 5, 178, 179; first husband of, 171, 172; as hands-on actress/filmmaker, 172–73; kidnapping/imprisonment of, 1–8, 10, 48–51, 56, 90, 93–94, 120–21, 127, 178–80, 185–86, 209; and Kim Jong-il, 93–94, 147, 180, 182–83, 208–10; Korean War experiences of, 171; memoir co-written by, 126, 208–9; and post-imprisonment escape to U.S., 181, 220; and return to South Korea, 224–25; and Shin, 172–78, 227–30; and Shin’s infidelity, 177, 183. See also kidnapping and imprisonment of Choi and Shin, by Kim Jong-il; Shin Films; Shin Sang-ok

  Choi In-kyu: Long Live Freedom, 30

  Chollima (winged horse), 153–54

  Chollima Movement, 154

  Chon In-gwang: “Snowstorm in Pyongyang,” 113

  Chongjin, 27, 29, 30–31; decay of, 30; famine in, 31, 117–18

  Chongryon (pro-Communist political faction in Japan), 44, 45

  Chun Doo-hwan, 84–85

  class system, 116–17; and famine, 116, 117–19; in film love stories, 170, 176–77

  Communism: Korean adherents of, in Japan, 44; in North Korea, 63–64, 101, 121, 157, 185; South Korean repression/fear of, 3, 17–18, 190–91

  Confessions of a College Student (early Choi film), 228

  Confucianism, 42, 60, 63, 117, 173, 184

  Cornell, Erik, 205; North Korea under Communism, 20–21, 205–6

  counterfeit money, 162, 163

  “cute culture,” in Japan, 212–14; and fear, 219–21; as spreading to China, 230. See also Tenko, Hikita

  Daejeon, massacre at, 17–18

  Daily NK (newspaper), 41, 143

  Delisle, Guy, 25; Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea (graphic novel), 19–20

  Demick, Barbara: Nothing to Envy, 31, 117–18

  demilitarized zone (DMZ), 79, 156, 165–67, 168–69, 186; meetings in, 168, 243; North Korean loudspeakers in, 85, 157, 160, 188; wildlife in, 165–66

  De Sica, Vittorio: The Bicycle Thief, 175

  Diamond Mountains. See Kumgangsan

  dictators, 137–40, 143; charismatic authority of, 144; doppelgangers of, 86, 87–88, 107, 139; in historical context, 104–10; in modern era, 105–7; physical/political bodies of, 107–10, 139–40; and soft power, 214-15; symbolic representations of, 138–39

  Diffrient, David Scott, 190

  Disappeared (Jeungbal), 225

  Dresnok, James Joseph (Joe), 157–59; in Unsung Heroes, 158–59

  dress codes, 126, 140

  Dutch East India Company, 61

  economy, 161–62; and criminal activity, 162–63, 234; famine’s effect on, 118–19, 161; investors and, 26, 162; and Kaesong industrial zone, 160–61, 164, 242; of Kim clan/elite, 162–63

  An Emissary of No Return (Doraoji annu milsa), 122, 146

  The Eunuch (Naeshi), 174

  Evergreen Tree (Sangnoksu) 3, 93, 175–76

  famine, 31, 64, 78, 165, 200; and changes to economy, 118–19, 161; and class system, 116, 117–19; Kim Il-sung mausoleum built during, 143–44

  Fassbinder, Rainer Werner: “Imitation of Life,” 229

  film festivals: Karlovy Vary, 146; Moscow, 181; Vienna, 182

  Flair, Ric, 134

 
Flower in Hell (Jiokhwa), 170, 174–75, 228

  Ford, John, 198

  Friends of Kim (documentary), 186

  Fujimoto, Kenji, 74

  Fukazawa, Masao (“Little Man Machan”), 150–51

  Galgameth, 220–21, 230

  Gang Ban-seok (mother of Kim Il-sung), 111

  German Friendship Association, 38, 39–40, 47, 123

  A Girl Raised as a Future Daughter-in-Law (Minmyeoneuri), 176

  Godzilla, 191–96; actors of, 150–51, 195–96, 200, 221; fear as theme in, 219; and monster movie genre, 198, 220, 230; as nuclear age film, 191–93, 213; and Pulgasari, 191, 200, 219; Tsuburaya’s work on, 193–95

  Godzilla vs. Hedorah, 196

  Gorky, Maxim, 184

  Goryeo dynasty, 62, 150

  Grand Mass Gymnastics and Artistic Performance Arirang (Mass Games), 98–102

  Grinker, Roy Richard, 57; Korea and its Futures, 59, 246

  Gwangju (South Korea), uprising/massacre in, 84–85

  hairstyles, 4, 5, 49, 124, 228; of Kim Jong-il, 6, 180, 226; North Korean codes for, 114–15, 123, 159, 198

  Hamel, Hendrick, 61

  hanbok (traditional folk dress), 7–8, 128, 198, 228. See also joseonot

  Han River (South Korea), 63

  Hassig, Ralph, and Oh Kongdan: The Hidden People of North Korea, 161, 246

  Hauser, Arnold, 104–5

  Heaven Lake (Cheonji), 72, 100; reported sea monster in, 76–77, 243

  Hecker, Siegfried S., 238

  Hello Kitty, 214, 231–32

  Hirohito, 108

  Hiroshima, U.S. bombing of, 60–61, 193, 212–13, 230

  Hitler, Adolf, 106, 139, 144, 154

  Hjort, Arne, 77; and Pictures from North Korea, 78

  Hobbes, Thomas: Leviathan, 102–3

  Home Guard, 25, 99, 124

  homosexuality, 113, 131–32

  Hong Kong: Choi and Shin kidnappings in, 1–9, 178, 209; film crew as taken from, 151–52

  Hussein, Saddam, 134

  Hwang Jang-yop, 64–65, 119, 238. See also Juche Thought

  Hwang Woo-suk, 72

  Hwasong concentration camp (Camp No. 16), 40–41, 47

  Hwiparam (automobile), 15

  Hyok Kang: This is Paradise!, 118